1832 Journal of Cultural Analytics 2371-4549 Center for Digital Humanities, Princeton University Website: Journal of Cultural Analytics 11055 10.22148/16.032 Article Social Characters: The Hierarchy of Gender in Contemporary English-Language Fiction Kraicer Eve Piper Andrew 30 1 2019 2018 3 2 NovelTM Special Issue on Identity 11055 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Across a variety of cultural fields, researchers have identified a near ubiquitous underrepresentation and decentralization of women. This occurs both at the level of who is able to produce cultural works and who is depicted within them. Women are less likely to be directors of Hollywood films and also less likely to have starring roles.

 english literature literature characterization gender social network analysis